Virtual Reality and Phobias
On this website you can find information about the research project called Virtual Reality and Phobias, started in 1999. It’s a project in which different universities collaborate. Delft University of Technology is working together with the University of Amsterdam, faculty of psychology. The major topics of this research project are discussed below. The Technical University of Delft is responsible for the topics on Human Computer Interaction and the technical aspects of VR. The University of Amsterdam is concerned with virtual reality exposure therapy and the psychological aspects of virtual reality. Under News you find recent results. Under Publications you find a lot of articles, reports and video's produced by the project, including its partners.
Phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders, which themselves are the most common psychiatric disorders. In 1998 a study was done in the Netherlands on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population (Bijl, Ravelli & van Zessen). This study shows that the lifetime-prevalences of agoraphobia, social phobia and specific phobias are respectively 3.4, 7.8 and 10.4 %. This means that 3.4 % of the general population is or has been suffering from agoraphobia during his life. 7.8 % and 10.4 % of the population is or has been suffering from respectively a social phobia or a specific phobia during his life.
Phobias can often be treated effectively by using gradual exposure therapy. During gradual exposure therapy patients are subjected to anxiety-provoking stimuli in a gradual order, from the least difficult stimulus to the most difficult one. While patients are subjected to those anxious situations, they can’t avoid the stimuli and they are staying in that situation to allow the anxiety to attenuate. Traditionally those stimuli are looked for in actual physical situations (in vivo) or by having the patient imagine the stimulus (in vitro).
Virtual Reality (VR) allows a third option of exposure therapy in a virtual setting that is safer, less embarrassing, and less costly than reproducing the real world situations. Besides situations can be created that are difficult to find in real life and it’s more realistic than imagining the danger. Already some experiments have proven VR to be a useful tool in treating specific phobias such as fear of heights, fear of spiders, fear of flying and claustrophobia, as well as agoraphobia. However most research that is done on VR exposure consists of single case studies and controlled group studies are necessary to support the conclusions of case studies. Research in this area is still in its infancy, but is progressing rapidly.
