Difference between revisions of "News"

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== In therapy with avatars ==
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== 2011 April 29 - Article Delfs Outlook  - In therapy with avatars ==
  
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Combating phobias and psychotic disorders using virtual technology: that is what the work of Dr Willem-Paul Brinkman of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science involves. Of course one does not have any of these disorders oneself – or at least that’s what our reporter also thought.
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Overview [http://mmi.tudelft.nl/~willem-paul/WP_Papers_online_versie/delft_outlook.pdf article] of the VRET work done in Delft publiced in Delfts Outlook
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As a white European, I glance from under my mask at the monitor on which my heartbeat and sweat production are creating fluctuating patterns. I have just entered a virtual pub, packed full of people of North African appearance.  And it gets worse: Dr Willem-Paul Brinkman has just pressed a button causing the few remaining white people to suddenly get up and leave. The empty chairs gradually fill with North African avatars who wander into the pub.
 
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Luckily, the sensors on my fingers do not send out any strange signals, even when I use a joystick to approach the new arrivals in the pub up close and make eye contact. Being with people of different skin colour does not make me feel any less comfortable. This is something I already knew about myself, but now I have proof. The pattern on the monitor remains the same.
 
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“Ah, that’s what you think,” laughs Brinkman, who is supervising the experiment in a completely darkened room in the Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) building. “The patterns of your heartbeat and sweat production have shown some real changes. They have become more irregular. You cannot see it with the naked eye, but we have computer programs that analyse it.” Brinkman can tick boxes on the screen with words such as ‘crying’, ‘angry’, ‘tense’, which are used to mark the behaviour of the test subject on a timeline. This can prove helpful in reconstructing the most awkward situations retrospectively. I am spared this ordeal, as there is nothing to tick on this occasion.
 
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The TU Delft researcher is developing what are known as VRET (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) systems, which can be used to help people deal with their anxieties, such as fear of flying, fear of heights or claustrophobia, or psychotic disorders such as paranoia. He took over the research project, which has been running for almost ten years, from Dr Charles van der Mast in 2007.
 
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One of the first products to emerge from the laboratory of fear was a vibrating aircraft seat. Two economy class seats in the corner of the laboratory serve as a reminder of the time when Brinkman and his colleagues were experimenting with them. In collaboration with the University of Amsterdam, Leiden University and KLM’s Valk Foundation (established to help combat fear of flying), the Delft researchers developed a system to enable people with a fear of flying to don a virtual reality helmet, hear characteristic aircraft sounds and experience the vibrating seat as if they were really in the air. This helps people become accustomed to the sensations and overcome their fear. The system is used intensively by the Valk Foundation, explains Brinkman.
 
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Even scarier
 
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Dr Brinkman’s recent work has focused on programmes like the virtual pub, which are designed to help people with social problems. He is working in alliance with researchers from Parnassia, a Dutch psychiatric institute. “They have many patients of North African origin with psychosis,” explains Brinkman. “These patients suffer from delusions that other people want to harm them and they are especially suspicious of people from outside their own ethnic group.”
 
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The idea is that reconstructing the social environment in a virtual world and exposing people to it will enable psychiatrists to improve the research they conduct on the psychotic symptoms and ultimately provide better help to patients.
 
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The virtual pub is still in the pilot phase, however, and needs to be made even scarier. Patients find it extremely frightening when people look at them for long period of time, and hence this feature needs to be added. It  should also be possible to conduct a simple conversation. “Developing a real treatment method will take quite a few years,” says psychiatrist Dr Wim Veling. “We have now conducted research on what happens when we expose people to a crowded environment and to people of a different ethnicity - two factors which are known to cause psychosis. The results are highly encouraging: people with paranoia show a similar response to situations in the virtual world as to those in the real world.” The researchers conducted the experiment with 15 patients and 24 white, European students and staff from TU Delft. They were all asked to walk through the pub and - as a kind of distraction - search for numbers that had been put on the chests of five random people in the pub.
 
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“In the test with healthy test subjects, I reversed the roles,” Brinkman explains. “This makes the stress factor the number of North Africans - rather than white - people present, given the fact that the test subjects available to me were mainly white. But the principle remains the same.”
 
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The small increase in fluctuations of heartbeat and sweat production observed by Brinkman after collecting and analysing all the data from all the Delft test subjects serves as a baseline, which subsequently can be compared to the outliers among the patients.
 
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“It’s like an echo,” says Dr Veling, describing the measurements. His colleague, Professor Mark van der Gaag, explains: “For millions of years we lived in clans with only a few hundred people. This means that our brain is probably constructed in such a way that we are quickly able to determine who belongs to the group and who doesn’t.”
 
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The ultimate aim of the research is to develop a method for use in cognitive behavioural therapy that “brings the world into the consulting room”, in the words of the psychiatrists. “Now patients tell us afterwards that they were afraid when they were sitting in the tram, for example, because they felt that they were being stared at,” explains Prof. Van der Gaag. “Or that they heard fragments of conversations and thought people were talking about them. In cases like these, their response is to flee. “In the virtual world, we encourage them to respond differently. The threshold for staying in the tram for one more stop – we intend to also create a virtual world set in a tram - is lower because you know that there is no actual danger. The patient then realises that people eventually look away and there is actually nothing going on.”
 
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The virtual worlds still look quite artificial. Is that an area that still needs further work? “Photo-realism is not important at all,” says Prof. Van der Gaag. “All you need are the right fear cues. Take the system to combat fear of flying for example: it uses a helmet in which you see images of old-style VGA quality. If you look past the airport towers, all you can see is pixels. It bears no resemblance to anything. And yet, people still throw up in a bucket.” Another interesting feature of the experiment is that the avatars look particularly attractive. Have the Delft researchers simply programmed their dream women and men, like a bunch of nerds? And could that not also be the reason why my heartbeat became slightly more irregular, I ask optimistically? That slight paranoia, however natural it appears to be, was still a bit embarrassing. “No, it’s not down to that,” laughs Brinkman. “Of course, in order to make the virtual world appear more natural we would have preferred to use avatars that are more average in appearance, but we had no choice. We bought these avatars from an American company and these were the only figures they had. It would cost us a great deal of time and money to create them ourselves.” (TvD)
 
  
 
== New members take part into VRET group ==
 
== New members take part into VRET group ==

Revision as of 20:00, 9 May 2011

Contents

2011 April 29 - Article Delfs Outlook - In therapy with avatars

Overview article of the VRET work done in Delft publiced in Delfts Outlook

New members take part into VRET group

VRET group is growing up recently. More and more bachelors, masters and Ph.D students are gradually involved into virtual therapy projects:

Peter Pul, Neeti Hattangadi, Zakaria Meziane are involved in Project: VR bij de therapie van agressie management

Ni Kang is involved in Project: Social Phobia

Matthew van den Steen graduated

April 28, 2010

On April 28, 2010 Matthew van den Steen successfully defended his master thesis The Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Modal Memory Restructuring System for patients suffering from a combat-related PTSD. (pdf - 15 MB]

Kunnen avatars mensen helpen?

April 21, 2010

Slideszoals vertoond voor W&T Academie in Delft op 21 april 2010. (pdf - 4 MB, in Dutch)

Junior TU Delft working on VRET

March 23, 2010

For the third time Willem-Paul and Charles are giving a 5-day course in the Junior TU Delft program for the best high school students of the Netherlands. They develop this year new interactive worlds for treatment of social phobia. Our master student Daniel de Vliegher created an empty world and interaction framework for them. The students of this program will model there own objects to fill the world and create there own interactive dialogs.

VRET in Delta Universitity Journal

March 3, 2010

The Delta university journal published a small article on the success of our research. Presented is how our research is resulting in deployment in Dutch society. See here

Christian Paping graduated

November 25, 2009

On November 25, 2009 Christian Paping successfully defended his master thesis Multiple patient virtual reality exposure therapy. Previously his work was presented at the 2009 NATO Wounds of War conference.

Research on PTSD

November 23, 2009

In 2009 we started collaboration with Col Eric Vermetten MD, PhD on PTSD. Eric is Head of research of Military Mental Health Center / Utrecht Medical Center. Our master student Matthew van den Steen is working on a scenario-based study to develop a prototype for treating military employees suffering PTSD with experiences in Bosnia, Iraq, Afganistan, etc. First experiment with patients are planned for December 2009.

Appearance on Teleac TV program Helder (in Dutch)

November 12, 2009

On November 11, 2009 Willem-Paul and Guntur presented the VRET system in Dutch Teleac TV program Helder about fear. Host, Pernille la Lau, worn the head mounted display to see one of VR world designed to treat patients for their fear of heights. In the studio it was very nice also to see the patient view on the big screen wall. The audience could see what Pernille was experiencing while she was in the virtul world. The program will be broadcasted on 30 Nov 2009.

Afscheidssymposium Charles van der Mast (in Dutch)

March 2, 2009

On March 19, 2009 an "Afscheidssymposium" will be held on the occasion of the retirement of Charles. He will still be connected to the VRET-project, but other research and education will be minimized. On this link you find all details of the programme.

Virtueel van je angsten af (in Dutch)

February 9, 2009

Katharina Meyerbröker is interviewed for the ECHO website. Her goal is to get in contact with participants for her experiments on agoraphobia. Here is the link. Look and ask for an invitation.

Report on Presence and Anxiety

December 4, 2008, 2008

Liesbeth Kuiper (student Research Master Clinical Psychology from Leiden University) published a report on her internship at VALK foundation. The report is in Dutch (Stageverslag) but the core chapter Presence & Anxiety is in English. Look under Publications and scroll to Reports.

Fatma Inan and Ervin Sabadi graduated

November 21, 2008

Our master students Fatma and Ervin graduated in November 2008. The title of Fatma's thesis is: Virtual Reality and Social Phobia: Recreating a social situation in Virtual Reality. Ervin's thesis is entitled: Reaching a higher sense of presence in VR through 3D architectural visualization. See Own Publications>Reports.

First scientific field study on VRET results in a Dutch clinic

October 30, 2008

Wiersma, J, Greeven, A., Berretty, E., Krijn, M en Emmelkamp, P. (2008). De effectiviteit van Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy voor hoogtevrees in de klinische praktijk. Gedragstherapie, 41, p. 253-259. (in Dutch)-- Look under Publications on this site.

Summary in English. The effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) for patients with acrophobia in clinical practice. The effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) for patients with acrophobia has been shown in several academic settings. However, it is not clear if these results can be translated to the daily clinical practice. This article describes the effectiveness of VRET of acrophobia in a centre for anxiety disorders. Thirty-two patients participated in the study. At post-treatment there was a significant reduction of acrophobia and avoidance and participants gained significantly more self-efficacy and a more positive attitude towards heights. The effect sizes were high and comparable to those found in academic settings. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of VRET in academic settings can be translated to clinical practice. In short, VRET is a promising, and time-limited treatment for acrophobia. Key words: Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, acrophobia, clinical practice

Interesting Blog about our project

September 17, 2008

Eliane Alhadeff published an interesting blog about our project. She made a very good op-to-date summary of current and future research on VRET in Delft. Here is the link.

New Video Tutorial available

July 8, 2008

Two Delft students produced a new video tutorial about the use of our DVRET system for fear of flying. The focus is to explain the operational procedures of the VRET software to non-technical therapists. First, a general description is given of the DVRET system. Then, the main functionality, which is exposed by the graphic user interface of the VRET software, be discussed in a short session. This is followed by a schematic description of all the operational tasks, such as takeoff and landing of the airplane, which could be performed with a therapeutic session. Lastly, a few of these tasks will be described in more detail. Two video's are part of of the tutorial. Text on screen is in English, all voice overs are in Dutch.

Our project in QUEST

June 16, 2008

In the Dutch popular science journal Quest an article is published on fear of flying. The title is "Ontspannen Op Reis". Issue of Quest 07/2008 pp. 52-55. The work of our partner VALK and our Delft VRET system is presented.

New poster about our VRET project

May 9, 2008

A new poster of our project and system is designed by Willem-Paul Brinkman. Our new focus on social phobia is presented. You can download it here. (pdf)

Junior TU Delft on VRET [continued]

April 28, 2008

The highschool students finished the course on VRET succesfully. Four worlds were developed for treating social phobia. They are evaluated with scenarios designed by the highschool students themselves! The worlds are: Platform on a train station, Bus stop, Clothing shop and Reception desk of a restaurant. Made with Maya and run in UnReal. With talking avatars. Here are impressions of the worlds. The implementation is done by Daniel de Vliegher.

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  • News Restaurant.jpg
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Junior TU Delft on VRET

March 10, 2008

Delft University of Technology presents during March and April 2008 a course on VRET for high school students in Randstad. In 5 days the students (5-6 VWO) design a virtual world for treating fear for public speaking. The real implementation is done by our master students.

Lecture on the Delft VRET system

March 10, 2008

For the course Highly Interactive Systems of the master programme Media and Knowledge Enineering at Delft Charles van der Mast gave a lecture about the architecture and the development of the Delft VRET system. The lecture takes 45 minutes. The recording of voice and slides is here.

Master thesis by Siemen Roorda

February 14, 2008

Our master student Siemen Roorda finished his Thesis for the programme Media and Knowledge Engineering The title is: Develop[ing a general framework for the Delft VRET application. He re-implemented our system based on Vizard and the programming language Python. Look under Publications/Reports at this site.

Research Assignment by Ervin Sabadi

November 7, 2007

Our master student Ervin Sabadi finished his Research Assignment on VRET for agoraphobia from a home ententainment perspective. Look under Publications/Reports at this site.

Delft VRET system in use at University of Amsterdam

October 12, 2007
The Delft VRET system for research at University of Amsterdam in the group of Prof. Paul Emmelkamp.

Paul Emmelkamp and his group is using the Delft VRET system now for new controlled experiments. Katharina Meyerbröker started her PhD project in September 2007. Recently a new HMD was delivered by Cybermind. Here you see one of the worlds for acrophobia.

Delft VRET system in use at VALK foundation

October 5, 2007

VALK foundation in Leiden is using the Delft VRET system now on a large scale with several therapists. An internal workshop is given this month. Here is how the system looks while being tested in a new room. All cables are invisible now!

  • The Delft VRET system for treating fear of flying at VALK in Leiden

  • at Delft University of Technology

Xbox live and Second life

October 3, 2007

This month we started a project to investigate the possibilities of Xbox Live and Second Life (and others) to function as a technical platform for phobia treatment.

New world for fear of flying

August 17, 2007

Burak Aslan finished his bachelor project to build a new VR-world for treating fear of flying. He developed a complete new cabin of a KLM Boeing 737-800 with high quality graphics. This virtual environment is far more realistic than the previous one we have. Also Schiphol airport is completely redesigned by Kenan Saracevic. Google Earth is used to show the view through the window during the flight. This is still a prototype we have to improve. Modelled with Maya and run with Quest-3D. You can find his report under Publications-section Reports. More information from Charles van der Mast, see Team.

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  • Airport from air.jpg
  • Final gate 3.jpg

AWARE Psychology

June 1, 2007

Our system is described in the new Dutch science magazine Aware Psychology. The title is Virtuele wereld IN/UIT.

Bacinol Expo

June 1, 2007

From June 6 - July 8 our VRET system will be present on an exhibition Virtual Realism. Several research projects are presented for a general public.

VRET for hiking

May 31, 2007

On March 15 two journalists of the popular Dutch Journal Op Pad (for adventures and hiking) visited our project. They are very interested in VRET for hikers suffering acrophobia in the mountains. The article is published in May 2007, Op Pad, Vol 4, pp. 70-73.[In Dutch: Een lichte trilling gaat door je lijf, je handen worden klam, je hartslag loopt op, je ademhaling versnelt, je pupillen worden groter, de haren in je nek staan overeind... HELP, see: http://www.oppad.nl]. Our system is used by PsyQ for treating acrophobia (hoogtevrees, zeer effectief! You may contact PsyQ).

Thesis on Augmented Reality

Mar 16, 2007

Marlon Richert finished his Thesis, too. Look under Publications, categrory Reports.

Survey on treating Hemiplegia

Jan 16, 2007

Marlon Richert finished his Research Assignment on treating hemiplegia. Look under Publications, categrory Reports.

Workshop for GGZ Nederland

Oct 6, 2006

On Wednesday October 4, 2006 we gave two workshops for the visitors of a GGZ Nederland conference in MediaPlaza/Utrecht. Charles van der Mast, Paul Emmelkamp and Martijn Schuemie gave a presentation for very interested therapists. Martijn discussed the demands from the clinics (therapists and managers) for applying VRET. To implement VRET in clinics a commercial version of the system is needed. Martijn will start to develop this in close collaboration with the research project. The fundamental research will be continued of course. Some pictures of the workshop are here.

DVRET at Parnassia / PsyQ

Sep 14, 2006

At Parnassia / PsyQ about 60 patients have been treated for acrophobia. In four sessions of 90 minutes each the treatment could be finished successfully. Drop-out rate was low. See here.

DVD on our project

February 3, 2006
DVD box.jpg

Students from our bachelor program Media&Knowledge Engineering have produced an interesting DVD about our vrphobia project (in English). On the DVD you find an overview of the VRET system we made, some scientific results, many publications and some interviews of team members (in Dutch&English). Interested? Ask Charles van der Mast. You will get a copy.


Look here for screenshots (8MB pdf) of the DVD.

VRET and Serious Games!

November 23, 2005

On November 21, Charles van der Mast presented our project and system at a seminar of Media Plaza (Utrecht). This seminar was organized to bring together professional computer game producers under the label "Serious Games". VRET was presented as a great example of a serious game in which emotions are controlled more carefully and accurately than in commercial games. Interesting collaborations may emerge!

New World for agoraphobia

October 6, 2005

Frans Hooplot implemented the Markt in Delft as a new world for treatment of agoraphobia. A lot of parameters can be changed by the therapist. Three photo's are here.

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Visit to Valencia

August 6, 2005

On July 21, Charles van der Mast visited the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia where he met our collegues Mariano Alcaniz, Carmen Juan, Jose Lozano and Sole Quero. And our Delft master student Dennis Joele. Here are two photo's with Mariano (left) and Charles (right).

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  • Charles2Edited.jpg

VRET transfered to PsyQ in the Hague

July 6, 2005

Today, July 6, we transfered a dedicated VRET system to the headquarters of PsyQ (part of Parnassia) in the Hague. From this week on, PsyQ will treat patients with fear of heights and claustrophobia within virtual worlds. The transfer was without problems and we are expecting great results. PsyQ will remain an important partner in the future, too. For more information about PsyQ and the phobia treatments, take a look at PsyQ's website (in Dutch). This is the first time the VRET system is actually used in a clinic, rather than the research lab which was the case until now. If you are interested in a complete system in your clinic, please contact Charles van der Mast.

  • Vret psyq 1.jpg
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Technological challenges for VRET

June 23, 2005

The participation to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop generated a lot of value and interest for our project. We chaired a workgroup 2 and the slides we discussed with the participants plenarily are included here. The draft of our paper is here. [Mast, C. van der, Popovic, S., Lam, D., Castelnuovo, G., Kral, P. & Mihajlovic, Z. (2005). Technological challenges in the use of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, Amsterdam IOS Press. (in press)] A book will be published later.

Phobia treatment over the Internet!

June 1, 2005

Today, June 1, we proved that our VRET-system can work over the internet. Our VRET-system is composed of two separate computers. The therapist computer can control the patient computer containing the virtual worlds completely. In this way the therapist can treat patients in other clinics or home. An intercom connection is needed for normal human communication between therapist and patient. The principle works. Now we have to prepare usability studies.

Collaboration with Universidad Politecnica de Valencia

May 26, 2005

Dennis Joele is a student from the master programme Media & Knowledge Engineering of Delft. He is doing his master thesis project at the Medical Image Computing Laboratory of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. His local supervisor is Dr. Maria Carmen Juan-Lizandra. From Delft he is supervised by Charles van der Mast. Dennis just finished his research assignment "Augmented Reality using ARToolkit with user invisable markers". He will continue his project at Valencia. This is the start of a collaboration on VRET.

NATO Advanced Research Workshop

May 19, 2005

Paul Emmelkamp and Charles van der Mast will participate in the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Novel Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. June 13-15, 2005, Dubrovnik, Croatia. They will moderate workshops on Outcomes Measurement and Issues in Follow-up, and Technological Challenges in the Use of VR. We will report on the outcome.

New Partners

March 10, 2005

Two official partners are added to the list. Mentrum and CyberMind sent us a Letter of Intent to support a new research project on VRET we are preparing now. Mentrum is an organisation of about 1000 employees treating mental disorders in Amsterdam. They treat about 15,000 clients a year for mental disorders and a part of them for phobias. CyberMind is a leading provider of VR equipment in the EU. They deliver the hardware components of our VRET system to implement the virtual worlds. They develop head mounted devices and they resell products of other developers. They will contribute in developing a special version of a HMD suited for phobia treatment in the future.

New Partner Parnassia/PsyQ

February 11, 2005

Recently Parnassia sent us a Letter of Intent to participate in a new research project we are preparing right now. We will collaborate in developing new worlds and new treatment procedures. Parnassia will be involved in field studies. They will buy a copy of our VRET-system to train the therapists and to start VRET treatment with patients in their own clinics. Parnassia is a large organisation of about 3000 employees who provide instruction, treatment, coaching and nursing of people with psycho-medical problems or disorders. Parnassia is operating in about 30 clinics in the province of Zuid-Holland. About 40 phobia therapists are working for Parnassia.

Our project at NGC in the Netherlands

January 10, 2005

On Wednesday January 12, 2005 our project will be presented in the program Hot Sciences from Holland. Time 9 p.m. This video was produced almost two years agoo but the content is still very up-to-date in 2005! Click Phobia VR treatment movie for the movie in dutch (copyright NGC). This program is being broadcasted all over the world by NGC.

Parnassia/PsyQ visiting our project

November 2rd 2004

On October 28, 2004 about 35 (!!!) phobia therapists from the health institute Parnassia in the Hague visited our project. Charles van der Mast and Paul Emmelkamp gave an overview of the project and the impressive results. Click here for some pictures.

Our project at IST 2004

September 23th

Our project will be present at the European IST 2004 Event - Participate in your future. Participants will be there from all European countries. This year's edition of the most important European Information Society Technologies (IST) event is organised under the EU’s Dutch Presidency by the European Commission in partnership with the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. The event will include a conference, an exhibition of research results and networking facilities for the about 4000 participants. The overall themes are "People" and "Economy". At the exhibition our system for fear of flying treatment is demonstrated. Look at This link for the website. Click here to view the movie. And Click here to view the pictures.

SuperAssist

June 15th

The group MMI at Delft University got funds from IOP-MMI (in cooperation with other patners) for a research project SuperAssist on Personal assistants for distributed supervision of complex task environments, see abstract. The application domain is medical. Later VRET may be supported by results from SuperAssist.

Our project at TV Quiz Hoe?Zo!

Dec 15th 2003

Our project contributed to the interesting sience quiz Hoe?Zo! at Dutch TV on December 11, 2003. Rio and Charles were present. This is a screen of the explanation for our question: Does treatment of acrophobia help 20 % or 50 % or almost 100% of the patients? The last possibility is the right one.

KLM pilots visiting our project

July 5

On June 24, 2003 some pilots from KLM, therapists and the board of Stichting VALK visited our project at Delft. They are all involved in regular therapies for fear of flying. They experienced our vrphobia system personally in the role of patient as well as therapist. As experts they were impressed by the experiences using the newest version with more realistic features developed by Lucy Gunawan, including an enhanced user interface for the therapist. Click here to see some pictures.

Our Project on National Geographic

February 5

On January 31, 2003 a team of film makers visited our project in Amsterdam. They filmed the treatment of acrophobia with a real patient, including the intake interview and the interview after the treatment. They also recorded the virtual world for fear of flying treatment. The film will be broadcasted worldwide in the Autumn 2003. Click here to see the pictures.

Our therapy and system again on Dutch TV

December 30 2002

The well known Dutch AVRO TV show "Vinger aan de pols" covered phobia treatment in November 2002. The presenter Pia Dijkstra discussed phobia treatment extensively with Prof. Paul Emmelkamp. Merel Krijn is shown treating (in the background of the discussion) an acrophobia patient using our system. You can see the entire show or scenes of the show (in Dutch) below in RealMedia. The codec used is RealVideo 9.

Scene Duration 56K dial-up modem 128K Dual ISDN 256K DSL or Cable
Annemieke on her fear of heights 31 sec. 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Prof. Emmelkamp on phobias, part 1 3 min. 29 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Prof. Emmelkamp on phobias, part 2 16 sec. 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Prof. Emmelkamp on phobias, part 3 57 sec. 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
VR-world for fear of heights, part 1 1 min. 57 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Prof. Emmelkamp on VR-treatments 3 min. 3 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
VR-world for fear of heights, part 2 2 min. 25 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Prof. Emmelkamp on phobias, part 4 27 sec. 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s
Entire show 34 min. 54 sec. 56 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 256 kbit/s

Cooperation with the VALK Foundation

June 29th 2002

We are very pleased to announce that we have a new partner: the VALK Foundation. This organisation is specialised in treatment of fear of flying and is connected to the University of Leiden. More news on our cooperation will follow.

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